国家级政治对话开始：克伦、勃欧民族组织和联邦主义难题的论坛

北美汉风

国家级政治对话开始：克伦、勃欧民族组织和联邦主义难题的论坛
Opinion/Analysis January 25, 2017January 25, 2017  Sai Wansai
可以用https://translate.google.com/ 谷哥翻译

Photo: PNO facebook

Federalism has been a taboo theme since 1962 when the Military or Tatmadaw staged a coup d’ etat and replaced the democratically elected government of U Nu, until the quasi-civilian government of Thein Sein, following the 2009 nationwide election came to power, under the military-drafted constitution.

The term “federalism” or “federal union” once again after nearly five forbidden decades was allowed to be openly mentioned by the Thein Sein regime, which has since gained currency that has always been the main demand of the non-Bamar ethnic nationalities to resolve the conflict and address their political grievances.

This call for the establishment of a federal union also has been the cornerstone of the National League for Democracy’s (NLD) policy, since its opposition days when it was in league with the ethnic political parties, under the rubric of Committee Representing the People’s Parliament (CRPP), a main opposition political alliance that had resisted the military dictatorship and seen as a vanguard of the country in those days.

Now once again, the National Reconciliation and Peace Center (NRPC), an organ of the NLD regime directing the peace process, recently reiterated it’s position again that federalism is the only way to achieve reconciliation and peace.

On January 19, Union Minister for Office of the State Counselor Kyaw Tint Swe, who is also Vice-Chairman of the NRPC, during the seminar on “Peace Process Orientation Course” told the audience that political problems should be solved through political means and the 21st Century Panglong Conference aimed at fulfilling the long demanded political dialogue of the ethnic nationalities and federal system would be the only suitable and appropriate way to end the decades-old armed conflict. Furthermore, Union Peace Conference – 21st Century Panglong is the only one where negotiation on federalism that accepted the said mentioned issues could be conducted.

Karen national-level conference 克伦国家级会议

In the same vein, the national-level political dialogue conference of the Karen was held  from January 18 to 20, where implementation of federalism was a dominant topic and intensively discussed.

The Hpa-an political dialogue was attended by the three Karen armed groups party to the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA), as well as five political parties, Karen national representatives from local civil society groups and individuals across the country, numbering some 600 participants.

The participants diversified into discussion groups centered around one of the four topics included under the umbrella of the national-level political dialogues: politics, economics, social issues and land and environmental issues.

At the end of the conference, on January 20,  “Karen National Dialogue Convening Committee” issued a statement, in order that all-inclusive, meaningful, dignified political dialogue to emerge called on all concerned:

• To widely conduct national-level political discussions according to the national groups, regions and topics with groups and organizations that are entitled to, in places and regions ready for the event;
• To end the armed conflict with the non-signatory Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs) and urges the Tatmadaw to open up more space and opportunity for the non-signatories, in order they could speedily sign the NCA;
• Proposes for the continuation of talks, with reference to the Framework for Political Dialogue, on basic principles concerning national security and other sectors; and
• Urges all ethnic nationalities, including the Karen people, the government, the Tatmadaw and all those who ought and appropriate to be involved to resolve the political problems through political means, according to the new political culture.
• 
  
  

Karen’s idea on federal union 克伦族对联邦统一的想法

Aside from having a similar basic proposal put forward at the Mai Ja Yang ethnic leadership conference in Kachin State last year, the Karen conference idea of federal system further added up more territorial division for the “sub-national” or “sub-ethnic” groups.

The term, “sub-national” or “sub-ethnic” groups are used here to differentiate the existing ethnic states dominant groups from minorities within each ethnic states and is in no way, aimed at discriminating them but only for clarity sake, in addressing the issue.

Accordingly, a Federal Union composed of national states and nationalities states has been envisioned, where national states would be the current existing states, dominated by one particular ethnic group like Kachin, Shan, Karenni (Kayah), Karen, Mon, Araken and Chin, the nationalities states would be the Regions like Tanintharyi and Ayeyarwady, Sagaing and so on, where various sub-ethnic groups inhabited along side each other.

The Karen national leaders suggested that every significant minority or sub-ethnic group not big enough for their own state could occupy autonomous regions called “national areas”.

The participants at the dialogue forum also discussed and toyed with the idea of forming a “Bamar State” as part of their idealized Federal Union, which many ethnic nationalities considered to be able to establish a genuine federalism, the Bamar needs to have their own state to be on equal-footing with all the ethnic states and not diversified into seven Regions to have political edge in federal-level decision-making.

Pa-O national-level dialogue 勃欧民族国家级政治对话

Shortly after the Karen, the Pa-O national-level preliminary dialogue conference was also held in Hpa-an on January 22, where some 200 Pa-O people from around the place attended the meeting.

The conference discussed about how its people would like to go about implementing the federalism they envisioned and openly talked about their wish to be categorized as a national state.

Hkun Myint Htoon Pa-O National Liberation Organization (PNLO) Chairman said: “Our ultimate aim is the emergence of a Pa-O national state. We, Pa-O has separate symbol (identity) and fully endowed with (characteristics) of a people.”

In its position paper, during the 21st Century Panglong Conference initiated by the NLD, PNLO has made known it’s stand that there should be a provision for the creation of new states to be incorporated into the future constitutional amendments.

Such preliminary conferences have been held in Shan and Mon States for the Pa-O people and would follow up in Bago Region is also said to be in the pipeline.

见下面的沙发

北美汉风

Perspective 前景
As could be seen from the Karen and Pa-O national-level conferences deliberations, the further creation of new national states, within the union, and nationalities states are on the agenda of most ethnic nationalities, if the first 21st Century Panglong Conference’s political position papers delivered by  them are to be taken as indications.
While the Wa, Ta’ang, Pa-O and Tai Leng are openly calling for carving out new national states from the existing ones, many more are aspiring for national areas or self-rule.
This is a tall order for any government that has to tackle and accommodate the aspirations of the main seven ethnic groups and their sub-ethnic groups that inhabited within the existing ethnic states, plus the assorted various sub-ethnic groups’ demands  for “national areas”.
Of course, that is not to say that it is impossible, but only has to be done in a well thought-out sequence and correct theoretical underpinnings. As it is impossible to spell out or do brainstorming covering all these issues in this short article, suffice it to say, criterion for the creation of national state and national area should be drawn out together by all the stakeholders that aspire to upgrade their administration status, one way or the other.
For the time being, as has time and again been urged, the most immediate pressing issues are to end the war in the northern part of the country; to carry out all encompassing nationwide ceasefire that would really hold; and to allow all-inclusive and equitable participation of all warring parties, so that the genuine national reconciliation peace process could begin in earnest.

完

大王巡山

英语不好，翻译软件也不智能，还有楼主，那个谷歌在中国是被禁了的，谷歌翻译打不开。

南书

这么都发些英语啊，看不懂

北美汉风

抱歉啊，朋友们，我真没时间翻译。这篇文章值得果敢领导人看。

南国游子

这个我没法看，到底是嘛？？？好奇！好奇！

北美汉风

可以在网上翻译一下。

相伴

照片：没有脸谱网联邦主义自1962当军队或武装部队发动政变，取代吴努民选政府被禁忌的主题，直到登盛准文职政府，2009全国大选后上台，在军方起草的宪法。“联邦制”或“联邦”再次经过近五年的禁止是允许登盛政权公开提到，这已经获得了货币，一直是非缅族民族解决冲突和解决他们的政治不满的主要需求。这叫一个联邦机构也一直是全国民主联盟的基石（NLD）政策，因为反对的日子是在与少数民族政党联盟委员会人民代表议会的名义（CRPP），一个主要反对党的政治联盟，抵制军事独裁和视为先锋，当年国家。又一次，中心的民族和解与和平（NRPC），全国民主联盟的政权将和平进程的一个器官，它的位置再次重申，联邦制是实现和解与和平的唯一途径。1月19日，为国家顾问K.T.S.办公室联盟的部长，他也是NRPC的副主席，在研讨会上的“和平进程”方向课程”告诉观众，政治问题应该通过政治手段解决，第二十一世纪的彬龙会议旨在实现长期要求少数民族和联邦系统的政治对话将结束长达数十年的武装冲突的唯一合适的和适当的方式。此外，联盟的和平会议–第二十一世纪彬龙是唯一一个谈判对联邦主义接受说提到的问题可以进行。

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同时，国家层面的政治对话会议的凯伦被  从1月18日至20，在实施联邦制是一种占主导地位的主题，深入讨论了。HPA的政治对话出席凯伦三武装党全国停火协议（NCA），以及五个政党，凯伦国家代表来自全国各地的当地民间社会团体和个人，共有600名参与者。与会者多元化的讨论小组围绕四个主题之一，包括国家层面的政治对话伞下：政治，经济，社会问题和土地和环境问题。在会议结束的1月20日，凯伦召开  全国对话委员会”发表声明，为的是包容一切的，有意义的，有尊严的政治对话出现呼吁所有有关：广泛根据国家团体进行国家层面的政治讨论、地区、团体和组织都有权议题，在地方和地区准备活动；结束与非缔约国的民族武装组织的武装冲突（服满现役）敦促武装部队开辟非签署国更多的空间和机会，为他们能迅速地签协议；提出了继续谈判，以政治对话的框架参考，基本原则涉及国家安全和其他领域的样品；并敦促所有民族，包括凯伦人、政府、军队和所有那些谁应该适当参与通过政治手段解决政治问题，根据新的政治文化。克伦国家级会议

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Pa-O national-level dialogue 勃欧民族国家级政治对话凯伦后不久，帕欧民族水平的初步对话会议也在1月22日举行的HPA，其中约200人从巴奥四处出席会议。会议讨论了它的人都喜欢去实施联邦制的设想，他们公开谈论他们的希望被归类为一个国家。昆Myint htoon帕欧民族解放组织（PNLO）主席说：“我们的最终目标是一个帕欧民族国家的出现。我们有单独的符号，巴奥（身份），充分赋予（特点）的人。”在纸上的位置，第二十一世纪的彬龙会议期间发起的NLD，已经知道了PNLO的立场，应该有一个新的国家被纳入未来的宪法修正案规定的创作。这些初步的会议已经在Shan和孟邦举行的巴奥人会跟进勃固地区也是在管道。

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凯伦的联邦克伦族对联邦统一的想法除了具有相似的基本方案，提出在Mai Ja Yang去年在克钦邦民族领袖会议的想法，联邦系统的凯伦会议的想法进一步补充更多的领土划分为“亚国家”或“民族”的群体。“亚国家”或“亚族”一词是用来区分现有的民族国家占统治地位的群体，从每个民族国家的少数民族，绝不是为了区分他们，只是为了明确起见，在解决这个问题。因此，一个由民族国家和民族国家联盟已经设想，在国家将目前存在的状态，通过一个特定的族群，像Kachin，占主导地位的山，Karenni，凯伦，孟（克耶邦），Araken和Chin，民族国家会像Tanintharyi和Ayeyarwady地区，Sagaing因此，在各民族一起。凯伦国家领导人建议，每一个不属于自己国家的重要少数民族或少数民族，都可以占领所谓的“民族地区”自治区。参与者在对话论坛讨论和玩弄的想法，形成一个“后国家”作为其理想化的联邦的一部分，许多民族被认为能够建立一个真正的联邦制，公元后需要有自己的国家是所有民族国家平等和不分七个地区的联邦层面的决策有政治优势

北美汉风

相伴 发表于 2017-1-26 13:25
凯伦的联邦克伦族对联邦统一的想法除了具有相似的基本方案，提出在Mai Ja Yang去年在克钦邦民族领袖会议的 ...

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